高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheenvironmentA卷课.docx
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高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheenvironmentA卷课.docx
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高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheenvironmentA卷课
2021年高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheenvironmentA卷课后分层集训牛津译林版必修
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(xx·沈阳市高三教学质量检测)Inxxaloneatleast20,000Africanelephantswerekilledfortheirteeth.InSouthAfricaoverthelasttwoyearsmorethan2,200rhinoswerekilledfortheirhorns.Thesenumbersarealarming,becausecurrentratesofillegalhuntingarefasterthanbirthrates,whichcouldleadtoextinctionoftheseecologicallyimportantcreaturesintheenvironment.Indeed,someelephantandrhinopopulationsareontracktobelocallyextinctwithinthenextdecade.
Ifyouarereadingthis,youmayalreadybeawareofthesefacts.Butyoumightnotknowthatwildlifetrafficking(非法交易)notonlythreatenstheexistenceofelephantsandrhinosbutisalsoleadingtoextinctionofotherspecies,suchastigers,tortoises,seaturtles,andtheworld'smosttraffickedmammal(哺乳动物)—pangolins.
Pangolinsaretheonlymammalsthatareentirelycoveredintouchscales(鳞),whichmakesthemlookverystrong.Butactuallytheyareendangeredmammals.Thereareeightdifferentspeciesofpangolins,fourinAsiaandfourinAfrica,andallarethreatenedwithextinction.Althoughpangolinsareprotectedthroughoutmostofthecountrieswheretheylive,highdemandinEastAsia,wherethedeliciouspangolinmeatisconsideredadelicacyandwheretheirscalesareusedintraditionalmedicines,isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.Thenumberofpangolintraffickingisshocking.Expertsbelievethatoverthelast10yearsmorethan1millionpangolinsweretakenfromthewild.Itisestimatedthatbetween40,000and81,250pangolinswerekilledfortheillegaltradeinxxalone.
InFebruary,theUnitedStatesreleasedaplantodealwithwildlifetrafficking,whichlaysoutthestepswewilltaketofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife,includingpangolins.Wearestrengtheningthecarryingoutoftheplan;buildinginternationalcooperationandcontributiontoprotectwildlife;raisingawarenesstodrivedownthedemandthatisfuellingtheillegaltrade.
GetinvolvedandrememberWorldWildlifeDay(Marcia3)byspreadingtheplan.Usesocialmediaandtelleveryonethatnowitistimetogetseriousaboutwildlifecrimeandendthedemandthatthreatensspecies,bigandsmall,fromthehugeelephanttotheshypangolin.
【语篇解读】 由于人们的捕猎,一些物种濒临灭绝。
本文呼吁人们行动起来,保护濒危物种。
1.Howmanyendangeredcreaturesarementionedinthepassage?
A.4.B.5.
C.6.D.7.
C [细节理解题。
根据第一、二段可知,文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种濒临灭绝的动物。
故选C项。
]
2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?
A.Eightspeciesofpangolinsliveonthesamecontinent.
B.Pangolinsarenotprotectedinmostoftheirnaturalhabitats.
C.Thescalesofpangolinscanbeusedasaningredientforcooking.
D.HighdemandcontributestotheillegaltradeofpangolinsinEastAsia.
D [正误判断题。
根据第三段中的“highdemandinEastAsia...isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts”可知,高需求导致了东亚穿山甲非法交易的发生,即D项正确。
]
3.WhatcanweknowabouttheplanreleasedbytheUS?
A.SocialmediawillbeusedtospreadWorldWildlifeDay.
B.Whethertheplanwillbeworkedoutremainstobeseen.
C.TheUSwillworktogetherwithothercountriestoprotectwildlife.
D.Moreandmorepeopleareadvisedtoincreasetheirneedsofpangolins.
C [推理判断题。
根据文章倒数第二段中的“Wearestrengtheningthecarryingoutoftheplan;buildinginternationalcooperationandcontributiontoprotectwildlife;raisingawarenesstodrivedownthedemandthatisfuellingtheillegaltrade.”可知,美国将联合其他国家保护野生动物,即C项正确。
]
4.Whatistheauthor'sintentionofwritingthepassage?
A.ToinformussomethingaboutWorldWildlifeDay.
B.Toraiseawarenessofprotectingendangeredwildlife.
C.ToexplainwhypangolinsareillegallytradedinEastAsia.
D.ToshowhowtheUnitedStatesistofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife.
B [写作意图题。
根据文章最后一段的内容可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是增强人们保护濒危物种的意识,即B项正确。
]
B
(xx·广东六校教育教学联合体高三模拟)WarmweatherbroughtbyElNinohashadmixedeffectsonanimalsinusuallysnowyplacesinNorthAmerica,includingNewEngland,accordingtoanAssociatedPressarticle.
Someanimalsseemtobenefitfromhavingachancetogathermorefoodbeforewinter,andfromexpendinglessenergyindailysurvivalmode.Others,likesnowshoehares,areputatcenterstageinpredators'(捕食者)viewwhentheylacksnowfordisguisingtheirwhitefur—notagoodthingforthem,ofcourse.
Blackbears,ontheotherhand,havebeenkeepingbusygatheringnutsandapples,whentheywouldnormallyhavesettledintotheirwinterhomesbynow.VermontandMassachusettsofficialshaveaskedresidentstowaittillsnowfallstotakeouttheirbirdfeedersforthesakeofsafety,thearticlesaid.
“Wesuggestwaitingfor6ormoreinchesofsnowthatlastsbeforetakingoutyourbirdfeeders,especiallyifyouhavebeenvisitedinthepastbybearsoriftherearesightingsofbearsinyourneighborhood,”ForrestHammond,VermontFishandWildlife'sbearbiologist,saidinthearticle.“Duetolackofsnowandfrozenground,birdsareabletoseekfoodinfieldsandforestsfortheirnaturalfoods.”
Snowamountscanalsodeterminehowfortablebearsareandhowquicklytheyconsumetheiraccumulatedfatduringhibernation(冬眠),notedHammondinthearticle.Thisisbecausesnowcoversandtrapsthemintheirwinterhomes,andalsohidesthemfrompredators.
【语篇解读】 随着冬季降雪,很多动物进入冬眠期。
但是,由于受厄尔尼诺现象的影响,北美一些地区降雪量减少,使得一些动物无法正常冬眠。
5.WhatmayupsetsnowshoeharesbecauseofElNino?
A.Theirbeingcaughtmoreeasily.
B.Theirfailingtogathermorefood.
C.Theirconsumingmoreenergy.
D.Theirlosingsightoftheirenemies.
A [细节理解题。
依据第二段的“Others,likesnowshoehares,areputatcenterstageinpredators'(捕食者)viewwhentheylacksnowfordisguisingtheirwhitefur”可知,没有足够的雪来伪装白靴兔白色的皮毛,这使得它们很容易被捕食者发现。
由此可知,因为厄尔尼诺现象,它们更容易被捕捉到了。
]
6.Whydidtheofficialsaskpeopletokeepbirdfeedersuntilsnowfalls?
A.Theymaydisturbbears.
B.There'snoneedtodoso.
C.Toavoidattractingbears.
D.Forthesafetyofbears.
C [推理判断题。
第三段开头提到往年这个时候,黑熊通常都已经待在冬眠的窝里了,但现在它们却忙着收集坚果和苹果,再根据“VermontandMassachusettsofficialshaveaskedresidentstowaittillsnowfallstotakeouttheirbirdfeedersforthesakeofsafety”可知,暂时不把喂鸟器拿出来是为了不招来熊。
故选C项。
]
7.Whatdothebearbiologist'swordsimply?
A.Aheavysnowisontheway.
B.Bearsaremonnowadays.
C.Bearslivemainlyonbirdsinwinter.
D.Warmweatherbenefitsbirdsinwinter.
D [推理判断题。
依据第四段的尾句“Duetolackofsnowandfrozenground,birdsareabletoseekfoodinfieldsandforestsfortheirnaturalfoods.”可知,由于缺乏雪和冻土,鸟类可以在田野和森林中觅食,因此暖冬对鸟类的生存有利,故选D项。
]
8.Whichofthefollowingisthepropertitleforthepassage?
A.WarmWeatherHelpsAnimalsSurvive
B.SnowAmountsDetermineAnimals'WinterLife
C.MeasuresShouldBeTakentoProtectWildlife
D.LackofSnowAffectsNorthAmericanAnimals
D [标题归纳题。
作者在首段中先提出气候变暖对北美动物有影响,下文以白靴兔和黑熊为例进行具体说明,因此D项作文章标题最佳。
]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(xx·郑州高三质量检测)IhadjuststartedmysecondyearstudyingatCambridgeUniversitywhenIwasfacedwiththenewsIhadneverexpected.Alumpinmyneck__1__outtobecancer.Iwould__2__sixmonthsofchemotherapy(化疗).
Aftertheshock,Iwasstruckbythisthought:
my__3__didn'thaveanyroomforcancer.IhadsomuchIwantedto__4__andsomanygoalsIwantedtochase.
Iwasfacedwiththe__5__joboftellingmyfriendsandfamily.Then,Ihadtodecidewhetherto__6__inCambridgeandtakefiveexamsattheendoftheyear.Mydoctor__7__againstit,andsodidmyparentsandteachers.
Mydoctorsandteachersconvincedmethattakingsometimeoffto__8__andrelaxwouldbethebestthingforme.Icouldnotthinkofanything__9__.Ididnotwantto__10__ayearofmylife,receivingpityfromthosearoundme.
Togetherwithmyparents,Itriedtopersuadetheuniversityto__11__metostayatCambridgeandstudyonlyhalfthecourse.AttheendoftheyearIwouldtaketwoexams.Itwasreallya__12__topersuadethemtoagree.
TreatmentbeganandIwasupanddownfromCambridgetoLondoneveryotherweek.Itmademefeel__13__,buttoamuchlesserdegreethanIhadexpected.Iwas__14__toread,earandsocializeexactlyasIusedto.Isleptalotandrestedalot,butIalsoworkedhardatmystudies.Itgavemefocus,anditalsogavemepurposepletingmy__15__attheendoftermfeltlikeagreatpersonalvictory.
Itooka__16_tocontinuestudyingwhileundergoingtreatment,andit__17__.Iwassuccessfulinmyexams—andmore__18__,Imadeafullrecovery.
Everypersonfacingadiseaselikecancermustmakethe__19__thatarerightforthem.Iam__20__thatImadethedecisionthatwasrightforme.
【语篇解读】 “我”在剑桥大学读书期间患上了癌症,医生和老师都建议“我”休学治疗,但是“我”坚持边上学边治疗,最后“我”不仅顺利通过了考试,也完全康复了。
1.A.stuckB.came
C.turnedD.worked
C [根据空后的“outtobecancer”可以判断,“我”脖子上的肿块原来是癌症;turnouttobe为固定搭配,意为“结果是,证明是”。
]
2.A.requireB.expect
C.senseD.arrange
A [根据上句可知,“我”脖子上的肿块是癌症;根据常识可以判断,“我”需要化疗。
A项意为“需要”,符合语境。
]
3.A.bodyB.memories
C.familyD.dreams
D [根据空后的“Ihadsomuch...Iwantedtochase”可以判断,“我”有许多梦想要实现(achieve),有许多目标要追寻,“我”的梦想里没有什么空间可以放得下癌症,故D项正确。
]
4.A.faceB.achieve
C.showD.understand
B [参见上题解析。
]
5.A.necessaryB.temporary
C.difficultD.disappointing
C [根据空后的“joboftellingmyfriendsandfamily”并结合语境可知,“我”患上癌症,将这个消息告诉朋友和家人是一件困难的事。
故C项正确。
]
6.A.joinB.treat
C.settleD.continue
D [根据空后的“takefiveexamsattheendoftheyear”可知,此处表示这时“我”要决定是否要继续在剑桥的学业。
D项意为“继续”,符合语境。
]
7.A.foughtB.advised
C.actedD.decided
B [医生建议“我”不要继续读书。
B项意为“建议”,符合语境。
]
8.A.recoverB.exercise
C.studyD.play
A [医生和老师都认为休学对于“我”的康复和休息是最好的选择。
A项意为“康复”,符合语境。
]
9.A.betterB.worse
C.moreD.less
B [根据语境可以判断,“我”很想留在剑桥继续上学,故此处表示“我”想不到比休学更糟的事情了。
B项意为“更糟的”,符合语境。
]
10.A.saveB.spend
C.takeD.miss
D [根据语境及空后的“receivingpity”可知,医生建议“我”休学,而“我”不想失去一年的大学时光。
D项意为“错过,失去”,符合语境。
]
11.A.helpB.remind
C.allowD.invite
C [“我”努力说服学校同意“我”继续留在剑桥读书。
allowsb.todosth.为固定搭配,意为“允许某人做某事”,故C项正确。
A项意为“帮助”,B项意为“提醒”,
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