商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训.docx
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商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训.docx
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商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训
商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训2020
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商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训1
Theexpressionbenchmarkinghasbecomeoneofthefashionablewordsincurrentmanagementdiscussion.ThetermfirstappearedintheUnitedStatesinthe1970sbuthasnowgainedworldwiderecognition.Butwhatexactlydoesitmeanandshouldyourcompanybepracticingit?
OnestraightforwarddefinitionofbenchmarkingcomesfromChrisTethermanagingdirectorofaNewZealand-basedconsultancyfirmspecializinginthisarea.“Benchmarkinginvolveslearningaboutyourownpractices,learningaboutthebestpracticesofothers,andthenmakingchangesforimprovementthatwillenableyoutomeetorbeatthebestintheworld.”Theessentialelementisnotsimplyimitatingwhatothercompaniesdobutbeingabletoadaptthebestofotherfirms’practicestoyourownsituation.
Insteadofaimingtoimproveonlyagainstpreviousperformanceandscores,companiescanusebenchmarkingtoinjectanelementofimaginationandcommonsenseintotheirsearchforprogress.Itisaprocesswhichforcescompaniestolookcloselyatthoseactivitieswhichtheymayhavebeentakingforgrantedandcomparingthemwiththeactivesofotherworld-beatingcompanies.Self-criticismisattheheartoftheprocessalthoughinsomecasesthismayupsetmanagerswhoarereluctanttoquestionlongestablishedpractices.
Theprocessofidentifyingbestpracticeinothercompaniesdoesnotjustmeanlookingcloselyatyourcompetitors.Itmightalsoincludestudyingcompanieswhichusesimilarprocessestoyourown,eventhoughtheyareproducingdifferentgoods.Thepointistolookattheprocessratherthantheproduct.Forexample,ItaliancomputercompanyAritawantedtoimprovethequalityofitstechnicalmanualsandhandbooks.Insteadoflookingatmanualsproducedbyothercomputercompanies,Aritaturnedtoapublisherofpopularhandbookssuchascookerybooks,railwaytimetablesandcarrepairmanuals.AsArita’sTechnicalDirectorClaudioBencliisays,“Allofthesehandbooksarecommunicatingcomplexinformationinasimpleway-exactlywhatweareaimingtodo.Andinmanycasestheysucceedfarbetterthananycomputercompany.”
Thereissomedisagreementbetweenbenchmarkingspecialistsastothebestmethodstofollowwhenstartingabenchmarkingexerciseinyourfirm.Everyoneagreesthattheprocessmusthavethefullapprovalofseniormanagementbutthatitisbestcarriedoutbyacomparativelysmallteam.Someconsultantsfeelthisshouldbeassmallasthreepeoplebutmostfavorateamofbetweenfiveandeightatleastoneofwhomshouldhavesomepriorknowledgeofthebenchmarkingprocess.Inpracticethisoftenmeansbringinginanoutsideconsultant–atleastatthebeginning.Oncetheteamisassembledtherecanbeanythingfromthreetofiveformalstagesintheprocessdifferentapproachesbutwhatevertheexacttechniquebenchmarkingcanonlyworkifeveryoneinthecompanyfromtoptobottomiscommittedtochange.
15.Accordingtothewriter,benchmarkingmustalwaysinvolve
A.changingyouractivitiesonthebasisofnewinformation.
B.Copyingexactlywhatyourcompetitorsdo.
C.Identifyingthebestcompanyinyourmarket.
D.Collaboratingwithothercompaniesinthesamefield.
16.Somemanagersmayresistbenchmarkingbecause
A.ittakestheiractivitiesforgranted.
B.Itmakesthemexaminethewaytheywork.
C.Itmakesothersquestiontheirefficiency.
D.Itgivesthemalotofextrawork.
17.Whatsortofcompaniesshouldyoucompareyourswith?
A.thoseproducingsimilargoods
B.thosecommunicatingmosteffectively
C.thoseusingsimilarprocesses
D.thoseleadingthedomesticmarket
18.Anitafoundthatapublishingcompanycould
A.makemoremoneythanacomputerfirm.
B.Producetechnicalmanualsforthem
C.Showthemhowtoimprovetheirownmanuals
D.Helpthemmoveintonewmarkets
19.Benchmarkingspecialistsagreethatinordertosucceedtheremustbe
A.ateamofnomorethanthreepeople
B.totalsupportfromtopmanagers
C.afixedtimetablefortheprocess
D.anoutsideconsultantittheteam
20.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?
A.torecommendtheprocessofbenchmarking
B.tocriticizefirmsthatdonotcarryoutbenchmarking
C.togivetactualinformationaboutbenchmarking
D.toexplainwhybenchmarkingdoesnotsuiteveryfirm
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
Benchmarking;world-beating;assemble;becommittedto;
Haveyouevernoticedthefollowingsentencesinyourreading?
Ifnot,readthemthroughandpayattentiontotheboldparts.
16.Self-criticismisattheheartoftheprocessalthoughinsomecasesthismayupsetmanagerswhoarereluctanttoquestionlongestablishedpractices.
17.Itmightalsoincludestudyingcompanieswhichusesimilarprocessestoyourown,eventhoughtheyareproducingdifferentgoods.Thepointistolookattheprocessratherthantheproduct.
18.Allofthesehandbooksarecommunicatingcomplexinformationinasimpleway-exactlywhatweareaimingtodo.Andinmanycasestheysucceedfarbetterthananycomputercompany.”
19.Everyoneagreesthattheprocessmusthavethefullapprovalofseniormanagementbutthatitisbestcarriedoutbyacomparativelysmallteam.
Benchmarkingcanonlyworkifeveryoneinthecompanyfromtoptobottomiscommittedtochange.
AdditionalReadingMaterial:
Whosbest?
Howgoodarethey?
Howdowegetthatgood?
WhatisBenchmarking?
Benchmarkingistheprocessofdeterminingwhoistheverybest,whosetsthestandard,andwhatthatstandardis.Inbaseball,youcouldarguethatsevenconsecutiveWorldSeriesChampionshipsmadetheNewYorkYankeesthebenchmark.Ifweweretobenchmark"worldconquest",whatobjectivemeasurewouldweusetocompareJuliusCaesartoAdolphHitler;GengisKhantoNapoleon?
Whichofthemwastheepitome,andwhy?
Wedothesamethinginbusiness.Whoisthebestsalesorganization?
Themostresponsivecustomerservicedepartment?
Theleanestmanufacturingoperation?
Andhowdowequantifythatstandard?
商务英语高级阅读模拟题指导训练2
MarketingandStress
Marketingisoneofthemoststressfulwhite-collarjobsandmarketingexecutivesarenotfarbelowteacher,airtrafficcontrollersanddoctorsonthelistofhigh-stressoccupations.Inarecentstudy,67%ofpeopleinmarketingandadvertisingreportedthatexcessivelyhighstresswasaregularpartoftheirworkinglives;46%saidtheyoftenfeltcrushedbychronicstress,while34%weresufferingsomuchstresstheywereseriouslythinkingofleavingtheirjobs.__H__.
Therealcauseforconcernistheconditionofchronicstress.__9__.Thisisthenameforaconditioninwhichtheindividualhasbecomesomentallyandphysicallyexhaustedthatheorsheisnolongerabletofunctioneffectively.
Inmarketing,youfindpeoplewhoaredeeplydedicatedtotheirjobsandtobeingsuccessful.__10__.Onereasonistheintenselycompetitivenatureofmarketing–strivingtostayaheadinamarketwhereyouareconsistentlyupagainstcompetitorswhoarestrivingtostayaheadofyou.__11__.Thislossofperformanceiscompoundedbythefactthatmarketershavetoriskvastsumsofmoneyoncampaignsorproductlauncheswhichmayormaynotprovesuccessful.
Theamountofstressinajobisrelatedtotheamountofcontrolanemployeefeelsheorshehas.__12__.Butstressisalsorelatedtotheimportanceweattachtoasuccessfuloutcome.Ifsomeonegenuinelydoesnotcareiftheysucceedorfail,theirstressremainslow.However,themorepassionatelywecareaboutsuccess,thegreaterthestresswhenanythingthreatensit.Researchhasshownthatthemoststressfulorganizationstoworkinarethosewhichcombinehighlycompetitiveculture,demandsfortotaldedicationandalow-to-zerotoleranceoffailure.__13__.Whenasked,mostmarketerssaidthatthisdescriptionperfectlydescribetheculturesfoundinmostmarketingdepartment.
Thefinalingredientinthemixtureisthecombinationofbadmanagersandover-demandingclients.__14__.Someseniormangersseesuchpressuresasawayofgettingthingsdone.Butsurelyitwouldbefarbettertoreduceoreliminatethesourcesofstressthantohavetodealwiththeconsequences.
ADespitethiscommitment,itisveryhardforthemtoremainincontrolofevents,andthisthreatenstheirgoalsandcreatesinsecurity.
BSuchcompaniesarequicktoblamemarketerswhenthingsgowrong.
CThisresultsinahugenumberofuncertaintiesandworriesaboutthatcompetition,whichinturnleadstoinefficientworking.
DItiscausedbyunendingpressuretoperformatahighlevel,whichcaneventuallyresultinBurnOutStressSyndrome–BOSS.
EAlmosteverymarketerhasdealtwithbothofthemandismakeanxiousandexhaustedbytheexperience.
FThereforetheseproblemscanbeseentoincreaseinproportiontothenumberofstressfulsituations.
GUncertaintyaboutjobprospectsmakesmattersworseandisanotherchallengetothissenseofsecurity.
HFiguressuchasthesesuggestthatstressisaseriousproblem.
重要词汇和表达:
Excessively;crushed;chronic;strive;compound;passionately;ingredient;
小资料:
WhatFactorsSeemToEssentiallyContributeToBurnoutStress?
1.Expectationofgreaterworkloadandlongerhours
2.Lossofindividualautonomy,overscheduling,predictableincome,lossoftrustandrespectofyourprofessionalrole
3.Pressuretotakeonmorerisksasyourbusinesssystemdemandscomplianceandtodecreasecostsbutincrease“quality”
4.Inabilitytobalancepersonalandprofessionallife
5.Decreasedcompany
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