版高考英语译林版一轮复习学案 选修6 unit 4 课时提能练34.docx
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版高考英语译林版一轮复习学案 选修6 unit 4 课时提能练34.docx
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版高考英语译林版一轮复习学案选修6unit4课时提能练34
课时提能练(三十四)
选修6 Unit4 Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld
课时作业A:
基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
TheUNisaninternationalorganizationconsistingofcountriesthatwanttopromoteworldpeace.It1.was_set(set)upjustaftertheSecondWorldWarby51countries2.whiletoday192countriesaltogether.TheUNhasfourmainfunctions:
tokeepinternationalpeace;todevelopfriendly3.relationships(relationship)amongnations;toworktogetherin4.solving(solve)internationalpoliticalconflictsandinpromotingrespectforhumanrights;andtobeacentrefororganizingtheactions5.orworkofdifferentnations.
Apartfromtheurgentproblems6.caused(cause)bywarsanddisasters,theUNhelpscountries7.withotherproblemssuchaslackofeducation,8.starvation(starve),disasters,AIDSandotherdiseases.At9.aUNmeetingin2000,allofitsmembersagreedtotryandmeeteightdevelopmentgoalsbytheyear2015,oneofwhich10.is(be)toensurethatcleanwaterisavailabletoeveryoneandanotheristhatallchildrencompleteprimaryeducation.
B
Nowadaysmanypeoplelackhealthyfoodonaccountofenvironmentalpollution.What'sworse,insomeplaces,itisimpossibleforpeople1.to_drink(drink)cleanwater.
Luckily,thegovernmentistryingeverymeanstohelpthemandthepublicalsocontributemoneytothem.Ontheotherhand,thenonofficialenvironmentalorganization2.referred(refer)tojustadvocatestheuseofgreenpower,whichis3.beneficial(benefit)toourenvironment,atthesametime,ifonlywecouldusesomealternativemeansoftransportsuchasbusesandbikes,ourlivingenvironmentwouldbecomebetter.
Inaword,whatwehavedonewillmakemuch4.difference(differ)toourenvironment.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
IamanurseworkingforDoctorswithoutBorders,ainternationalorganizationthatprovidefreemedicalservicesaroundtheworld.YesterdaymycolleaguesonthemedicalteamandIarriveattheislandonlytofindeverythingonchaos.Thereismudandwatereverywhere,makeitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.What'sworse,thehospitalisbaddamagedandinamess,thatcan'tbeusedatthemoment.Wearegoingtosetoffatemporaryclinicthere.Medicalsuppliesarenowontheirwayfromtheabroad.Itishopedthepeopleinjuredinthedisastercanbetreatedintime.
[答案]
IamanurseworkingforDoctorswithoutBorders,
internationalorganizationthat
freemedicalservicesaroundtheworld.YesterdaymycolleaguesonthemedicalteamandI
attheislandonlytofindeverything
chaos.Thereismudandwatereverywhere,
itdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.What'sworse,thehospitalis
damagedandinamess,
can'tbeusedatthemoment.Wearegoingtoset
atemporaryclinicthere.Medicalsuppliesarenowontheirwayfromtheabroad.Itishoped
thepeopleinjuredinthedisastercanbetreatedintime.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1.外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。
(sth.+be+adj.+todo)
ThetruemeaningandthecultureofTangpoemsare_difficult_to_understandforaforeignlearner.
2.我胃不舒服,我倒希望没有吃那么多。
(wouldrather)
IhaveanupsetstomachandIwould_ratherIhadn't_eatensomuch.
3.由于缺钱,可怜的女孩不能买这本书。
(lack)
Thepoorgirlcan'tbuythisbookfor_lack_of_money.
4.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打个电话。
(remind)
Remind_me_to_phoneAlanbeforeIgoout.
课时作业B:
能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·昆明市诊断测试)Who'rehappier,menorwomen?
Researchshowsit'sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn'treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.
Women'shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender(性别)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifference.
Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.
Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons(镜像神经元)thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople'sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.
Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen'shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen's.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。
文章从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
1.Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?
A.Warmth.B.Depression.
C.Happiness.D.Disrespect.
D [细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知,男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼,故选D。
]
2.Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?
A.Psychologicalfactors.
B.Biologicalfactors.
C.Educationalfactors.
D.Socialfactors.
A [细节理解题。
根据最后一段的内容可知,本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同:
与男性相比,女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
]
3.Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom________.
A.asciencefiction
B.aculturebrochure
C.anurseryguide
D.ahealthmagazine
D [推理判断题。
根据本文内容可知,本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
由此可推知,本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志,故选D项。
]
4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.
B.Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.
C.Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.
D.Women'shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.
B [主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异,故B项最符合文意。
]
B
(2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试)Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomeweevolvedsuchlarge,energyconsumingbrains?
Thedominanthypothesis(假设)suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.Butournewstudydoneinanunusualwayshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelydrivenbyecology(生态).
Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandsocialhypothesesbefore.Thecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsareassociatedwithspecificproblems.Forexample,doprimatesorotheranimalswithlargebrainshaveadietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding?
Thiswouldindicateanecologicalorigin.Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotsofsocialproblems?
Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations,thereisaproblem.Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.
Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion,werecreatedthescenarios(可能出现的情况)ofthetwohypothesesusingamathematicalmodel.Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseeinhumans.Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.Butyouneedbothfactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherewerenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhavebeenevenlargerbutlikelypoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn'tnecessarilybetter.
Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?
Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.Soourresultsandthoseofothers'suggestthathardecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproduceahumansizedbrain.
Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?
Thecomplexityofthesystemsinvolvedmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
科学研究发现,人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的积累的共同作用决定的;大脑并非越大越好,如果大脑过大,则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。
5.Inmostpeople'sview,whatmakeshumanevolvelargebrains?
A.Socialchallenges.
B.Socialandecologicalchallenges.
C.Ecologicalchallenges.
D.Competitionwithotherlargeanimals.
A [细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句“Thedominanthypothesis(假设)suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce”并结合第一段内容可知,大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力,故A项正确。
]
6.What'stheproblemofthecommonapproach?
A.Itsmodelisnotreliableenough.
B.Itdoesn'ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.
C.Itshypothesiscannotbeprovedeffectively.
D.Itdoesn'tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems.
B [细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句“Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems”可知,传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响,故B项正确。
]
7.Whydon'tmanyanimalshavelargebrains?
A.Theydon'tlearnfromeachother.
B.Theydon'tfacehardecologicalproblems.
C.Theydon'tneedtocooperatewitheachother.
D.Theydon'tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow.
D [推理判断题。
根据第五段第二、三句“Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?
Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow”可知,只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时,生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。
据此可以判断,动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能,所以动物没有大的大脑,故D项正确。
]
8.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?
A.Animalsdon'thavelargebrains.
B.Socialchallengesdecreasebrain
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