论曼斯菲尔德短篇小说的象征手法.docx
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论曼斯菲尔德短篇小说的象征手法.docx
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论曼斯菲尔德短篇小说的象征手法
论曼斯菲尔德短篇小说的象征手法
摘要
凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德(1888-1923)在短篇小说中创新并成功地应用了现代主义技巧,为文学史上现代主义的发展作出了贡献。
本论文即旨在研究曼斯菲尔德代表作品中象征手法的运用。
这些作品分别是:
《序曲》,《苍蝇》《金丝雀》等。
论文的主体部分,是对曼斯菲尔德作品象征手法的讨论。
首先是对曼斯菲尔德的生平介绍,以及她的代表作。
其次是对象征手法的讨论。
象征在作品中的研究被分为两大类:
具象性象征和意识性象征。
其中具象性象征在曼斯菲尔德的作品中体现为四类:
自然背景,植物,动物,人物。
总之曼斯菲尔德正是通过她女独有的细致微妙及精确的叙述方式,运用了现代使她蜚声文坛。
关键词:
曼斯菲尔德;写作技巧;具象性象征;意识性象征
TheDiscussionofSymbolisminKatherineMansfield’sShortStory
Abstract
Intheearly20thcentury,whenmanyawriterdevotedthemselvesKatherineMansfieldsetheraffectionsontheshortstory,whichinthebecomeagreatshortstorywriterintheworld.Sheappliedthemoderntothenovelwriting,laterdaysmadeherwritingtechniquestohershortstoriescreativelyandsuccessfully,bywhichMansfieldmadegreatcontributionstothepromotionofmodernisminliteraryhistoryandtotheenrichmentofnarrativetechniques.Thusmoreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtothemodernwritingtechniquesusedinherworks.ThispaperisintendedtostudysymbolisminsomeofKatherineMansfield'srepresentativeworks--Prelude,RevelationsandtheFly.Theuseofsymbolismisdividedintotwotypestheimagerysymbolincludingthefollowingfivecategories:
naturalsettingassymbol,animalassymbol,characterassymbol,andtheconsciousnesssymbol.Tosumup,itisherfeminine,delicate,subtle,andexquisitewayofusingthemodernwritingtechniquesthathasbroughtMansfieldhergreatreputationinliteraryworld.
Keywords:
Mansfield;writingtechniques;imagerysymbol;consciousnesssymbol
Contents
Introduction
1.AbriefintroductiontoKatherineMansfield
1.1KatherineMansfield’life
1.2KatherineMansfield’sliteraryachievements
2.Useofsymbolism
2.1Definitionofsymbolism
2.2Classificationsofsymbol
2.3Imagerysymbol
2.4Consciousnesssymbol
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
Introduction
KatherineMansfieldisregardedasthemasterofEnglishshortstoryinthe20thcentury.Inhershortlifespan,sheincorporatedModernismintoshortstoriescreativelyandsuccessfullyandestablishedaneverlastingreputationentirelyupontheingeniousandmarvelouscreationofshortstory.IanGordononcesaidthat:
”ShehadthesamekindofdirectiveinfluenceontheartoftheshortstoryasJoycehadonthenovel.AfterJoyceandKatherineMansfieldneitherthenovelnortheshortstorycaneverbequitethesameagain.Theybeatatracktoahigherpointfromwhichotherscanscanawiderhorizon.”(Gordon,1971:
8)Ifthegreatgeniusesintheannalsofliteraturefocusedonlashingoutatthesocialailmenttobringthehumanbeingsofthewholeworldthechangeofmind,KatherineMansfieldwaslikealittlelamptogivealightshiningthroughtheperplexedandlonelyheartofpeoplelostintheboundlessandturbulentsea.Sheenteredintotheinteriorworldofcharacterstoexploretheinnerthoughtsdeepintheirhearts,andtounfoldthedelicatenessandsubtletyofthefeelings,aswellastoexposethecrueltyandcoldnessofhumannature,thedesperationandlonelinessofthecharacters,thepowerlessnessofhumanbeingstowardsthecontrollinglifeanddestiny,andeachthemeshelovedandhated,bymeansofheruniqueartisticstyleandcreativewritingtechniquesofModernismaswellasherdelicatefeministwayofexpression.Herstoresarelikethestreamflowingthroughthesoulofreaderbringingclearness,cleannessandawakeningtoreaders.
1AbriefintroductiontoKatherineMansfield
1.1KatherineMansfield’life
KatherineMansfield(14October1888–9January1923)wasaprominentmodernistwriterofshortfictionwhowasbornandbroughtupincolonialNewZealandandwroteunderthepennameofKatherineMansfield.MansfieldleftforGreatBritainwhenshewas19wheresheencounteredModernistwriterssuchasD.H.LawrenceandVirginiaWoolfwithwhomshebecameclosefriends.Herstoriesoftenfocusonmomentsofdisruptionandfrequentlyopenratherabruptly.DuringtheFirstWorldWarMansfieldcontractedextrapulmonarytuberculosis,whichrenderedanyreturnorvisittoNewZealandimpossibleandledtoherdeathattheageof34.
1.2KatherineMansfield’sliteraryachievements
KatherineMansfield’slifewaseventful,andshort—tragicallyshort,butproductive.Approximatelyshewrote88shortstoriesthatwerecollectedinthethreecollectionsInaGermanPension(in1911),BlissandOtherStories(1920)andTheGardenPartyandOtherStories(1922).HerlettersandtheJournalofKatherineMansfieldwerepublishedposthumously.Mansfield’sbestandmostcharacteristicworksaregenerallyconsideredtobecontainedinBlissandOtherStoriesandTheGardenPartyandOtherStories.ThesuccessofthesevolumesestablishedMansfieldasamajortalent,comparabletosuchcontemporariesasVirginiaWoolfandJamesJoyce.ThesevolumescollectmanyofMansfield’shighlyregardedNewZealandstoriesaswellasthewidelyreprintedandoftendiscussed“Bliss”,“TheDaughtersoftheLateColonel”,“JeNeParlePasTrancais”,and“MissBrill”,whichareconsideredamongthefinestshortstoriesintheEnglishlanguage.Mansfield,whoseshort-storytheoryisoftenmentionedevennow,hasbecomeoneofthefewauthorstoattainprominenceexclusivelyforshortstories,andherworksremainamongthemostwidelyreadinworldliterature.
2ModernityinMansfield’sshortstories
2.1Useofsymbolism
2.1.1Definitionofsymbolism
Generallyspeaking,symbolismcanbedefinedas“thepracticeofrepresentingthingsbymeansofsymbolsorattributingsymbolicmeaningsorsignificancetoobjects,eventsorrelationship.”Thatistosay,symbolismcanbetakenasadevicetorepresentorconveythecharacters’privatethoughtandemotionthroughtheuseofconcreteimages-thesymbols.Theseconcreteimagescanbeeverything-anyobjectwithlifeorlifeless,aperson,evenasceneoraplace,anactioncanbegivenaspecialmeaningthatislargerthanthatofitself.Whilethemeaningtheseimagescarryingcanbetheabstractideas,anemotion,abelief,avalue,afeelingoranattitude.Themeaningthatasymboliscarryingonisdecidedbywritersthemselves.ThiskindofsymbolisfrequentlyusedintheworksofMansfield.
Inthispart,thesymbolismusedintheshortstoriesRevelations,Prelude,Bliss,TheGarden-Party,TheFlyandTheCanaryofMansfieldwillbefocusedonanddiscussedaboutbymeanstext-analysisinordertohaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofthistechniqueinherworks.Theexpressivewayofsymbolisminthesestorieswillbedividedintosixtypes:
naturalsettingassymbol,animalassymbol,consciousnesssymbol,andobjectassymbolandcharacterassymbol.
2.1.2Classificationsofsymbol
IntheshortstoriesofMansfield,shehasmadeuseoflotsofconcreteimagesaswellastheconsciousnesssuchasthefantasy,dreamorimaginationtocarryhervarioussymbolicmeaningsinordertopresentthethemes.Symbolicobject,suchasthecrosssymbolizingtheChristianityorothersymbolsgiventothedefinitemeaninginthespecificcontext.
2.1.3Imagerysymbol
IntheshortstoriesofKatherineMansfield,theimagerysymbolspresentasthefollowingfourtypes:
naturalsettingassymbol,animalassymbol,andcharacterassymbol.
2.1.3.1Naturalsettingassymbol
Inmostofshortstories,Mansfieldoftenusesnaturalsettingasthesymboltoconveyherspecificemotionsandthemes,suchastheweatherinRevelations,TheGarden-PartyandMissBrill.
2.1.3.1.1WeatherinRevelations
InMansfield'sstories,theweatheroftenappearstotaketwokindsofroles.Oneistosetthemoodandhighlighttheatmosphere;anotheristoconveydifferentsymbolicmeanings.InRevelations,thewindononehandconveystheprotagonist'sfeelingofanger,restlessness,andimpatiencebecauseofherhusband'scarelessness;ontheotherhand,thewindsymbolizesthecontrolofthehusbandtothewifeaswellasthecontrolofthelifetopeople,tohighlightthepowerlessnessofwomeninthefamilyandtheweaknessofpeopleinthesociety.Monicaisangryatherhusband'scarelessness,soshegoesouttofindherassuranceandcomfort.Butevensheisoutofthehouse,"thewildwindcaughtherandfloatedheracrossthepavement",herdirectioniscontrolledbythewind.Shewantstogetridofthecontrolofherhusband,butactuallywherevershehasgone,thewindiseverywhere一“thewindrattledthewindow-frame";"wewhirlalonglikeleaves,andnobodyknows一nobodycareswherewefall,inwhatblackriverwefloataway".
ThemodernityofsymbolismMansfieldhasusedinherstoriesisjustlyinginthedynamicnatureofthesymbolaswellasthesymbolicmeaningshehasendowedtotheweather.Mansfieldexposesthethemeaboutthepowerofmalesandthelifethroughrevealingthecharacteristicsofthesymbolsvividly.
2.1.3.2Animalassymbol
Besidesthenaturalsetting,Mansfieldalsotakesanimalsasthesymbolsinhershortstories.TheanimalsareendowedwithspecificmeaningsbyMansfield,suchastheflyinTheFly.
Inthiswork,theflyjustsymbolizestheweakpeoplelivingunderthecruelwarandstrugglingforalife.Theflyisendowedwithaperson'slifetofinish"theimmensetaskofcleaningtheinkfromitswings".Thebossisthemasterofit.Hedropstheboltsofinkagainandagainuponthebodyoftheflytoseeitstruggleforalife.Whiletheflyistooweaktogetoutofthedifficultiesuponthehugemaster,whatiswaitingforitwillbethefateofdeathfinally?
Thepeopleatthattimearealsoconfrontingwithahugemonster一thewar.Theyarepowerlessandhavenochoicebutlingeroninasteadilyworseningcondition.Iftheboss,asaperson,maysometimefeelpitifultothefly,thewariscrueltopeopletotheutmost,sinceithasno
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