专升本专业英语翻译.docx
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专升本专业英语翻译.docx
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专升本专业英语翻译
专升本翻译要点概述
1.考察类型
PartVTranslation(20points)
SectionAE-C(5’×2)(10’x1)(2’x4)shortorlongsentences\passages
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteontheANSWERSHEET.
SectionBC-E(2’×5)(3’x4)shortsentences
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteontheANSWERSHEET.
2.考查要点
句法和句型、结构的考察
汉译英的短句翻译以及英译汉的长句翻译
3.解题要点
熟练掌握常用的句法结构,如从句、倒装、主谓一致、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、时态体的配合等用法
汉译英中句子翻译尽量使用简单的、有把握的句法结构,保持时态体一致,避免出现较为明显的语法错误
英译汉中,尤其是长句翻译,注意使用不同的翻译方法和技巧,如:
直译法、意译法、直译与意译相结合、增词法、减词法、转换法、拆分法、综合法等,把握英汉两种语言的差异,避免出现英式的汉语表达(如将被动变主动,长句处理成不同的单句等等),以及语言色彩等
注意把握两个原则:
信息充分,表达流畅
4.解题步骤
1.通读全句或全文,弄清楚句子或段落的主干和修饰成分,然后确定时态和语法【理解】
2.根据上面解题要点进行解题【表达】
3.最后复查。
非常重要!
最后的检查一定要结合整个句子来进行,并重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致等容易出错的问题【复查】
英译汉
真题示例
PartV.Translation(20points)
SectionA
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswerontheANWSERSHEET.
91.Allthingsconsidered,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.
92.Theprofessor’sshortbutheart-stirringspeechonenvironmentwasstronglyimpresseduponmymemory.
93.ItwasanotherfouryearsbeforeIcouldqualifyasalawyer.
94.Somecleverstrategieswereemployedsothatthoseproblemscouldbeeasilyapproached.
95.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.
英译汉练习
短句练习
1.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,nordidtheymakeanyexplanation/nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso.
学校领导没有批准这项制度,也没有解释为什么。
2.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe,couldbeassigned(to)anotherjob.
Jane对处理客户投诉的工作厌倦了,她想被分配做另一项工作。
3.Johnrescuedthedrowningchildattheriskofhisownlife
John冒着自己的生命危险救落水儿童
4.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutitwashisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone.
George从机场打电话给他的老板,接电话的却是他的助手。
5.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,hisfatherpersuadedhiminto/talkedhiminto.
尽管他对哲学感兴趣,但是他父亲说服他去修法律。
6.Thesignificantmuseumissaidtohavebeenbuiltaboutahundredyearsago.
这座重要的博物馆据说建成于100多年前。
7.Therewouldbenolifeonearthwithoutitsuniqueenvironment.
没有地球独特的环境就不会有生命出现。
8.TheyrequestedthatI(should)returnthebooksborrowedtolibrary /thebooksIborrowed(should)bereturnedtothelibrarybynextFriday.
他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。
9.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficultyconcentratingontheexperiment.
由于外面很吵,Nancy很难将注意力几种在实验上。
10.Themanagerneverlaughed;neitherdidshelosetemper.
经理从来不笑,也从来没发过脾气。
11.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespiteherparents’fierceopposition.
这个16岁的女孩不顾父母强烈反对决定自己去国外旅游。
12.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablytokeeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingneedsofthecustomers.
为了与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步,产量必须大幅提高。
13.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,AlifoundthathehadmuchdifficultyincatchingupwiththeotherstudentsinmathandEnglish.
转到新学校不久,阿丽就发现自己在数学和英语上很难跟上班里的同学。
14.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimearemorelikelytoputonweight.
据说那些压力大或时常加班的人更有可能增加体重。
15.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofhumanbodyiscloselyrelativetothelackofexercise.
研究表明人体机能的下降与缺乏锻炼密切相关。
16.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemstowhichtheyhavenoanswers.
医学研究人员很痛苦的发现至今仍有很多难题他们还没有找到答案。
17.Whatmostparentsareconcernedaboutisprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.
大多数父母所关心的是尽可能为孩子提供最好的教育。
18.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtraininganddecidedtostarttheirownbusiness.
通过这个项目,很多人得到了培训并决定自己创业。
19.Theanti-virusagentwasnotbefounduntilitwasaccidentallyfoundbyadoctor.
直到一名医生的偶然发现,这种抗病毒药物才被人们所了解。
20.Thenewprincipalhasnopreviousexperienceofschoolgovernment.
21.Thiswasthelastplacetheexplorerswouldleave,foritlayrichesandnaturalresources.
22.Drivecarefullyonthatroadinbadweather,it’sverywinding.
23.Thejobgiveshimplentyofresponsibility-heisinchargeofseveralthousandworkers-andplentyofcash.
24.JohnisnowwithhisparentsinNewYorkcity,it’salreadythreeyearssincehewasabandmaster.
25.Youshouldnotdespisehimbecauseheisbackward.
26.Wedon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill
27.Theytalkedaboutinflation,unemploymentandenvironmentpollution.
28.Thushegrewinbodyandsoul.
29.“Ignoranceofthelawexcusesnoman.”这句话是典型的英语书面语,抽象名词短语作主语,言简意赅。
翻译这句话要用“增词法”,译成“不懂法不能成为任何人违法的借口”,否则就表达不清楚。
30.“Youngpeoplearemoreenthusiasticthanoldpeople,whileoldpeoplehavemoreexperiencethanyoungpeople.”要用“减词法”,译成“年轻人热情高,老年人阅历广”较好。
英译汉的长句处理一般可以分为理解和表达两个阶段和七个具体的步骤。
理解阶段可以分为四个步骤:
1.简要拟出全句的轮廓;
2.根据上下文和全句内容领会其要旨;
3.辨清该长句的主从结构;
4.找出各单句之间的从属关系。
表达阶段可分为三个步骤:
1.试将每个单句逐一翻译;
2.将译出的句子进行调整组合;
3.对译文进行加工润色。
四种英语长句的翻译方法:
1.顺序法;2.逆序法,又叫倒置法;3.拆分法;4.综合法,又叫重组法。
1.顺序法
InAfricaImetaboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid,whenIspoketohim,thathewashungrybecausehehadnofoodfortwodays.
2.倒序法
OnecanperhapsgetaclearerpictureofJapan’sacutepopulationpressurebyimaginingthatwhatSwitzerlandwouldbelikeifthatsmallandmountainouscountrywereinhabitedby28millionpeopleinsteadofthe5.7millionatpresent.
3.拆分法
Thepresidentsaidatapressconferencedominatedbyquestionsonyesterday’selectionresultsthathecouldnotexplainwhytheRepublicationhadsufferedsuchawidespreaddefeat,whichintheendwoulddeprivetheRepublicationpartyoflong-heldsuperiorityintheHouse.
4.综合法
Thepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.
真题示例2011
PartVTranslation(20points)
SectionA(5×2)
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteontheANSWERSHEET.
81.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawaconclusionthatpart-timejobcanproduceafar-reachingimpactonstudentsandtheyshouldbeencouragedtotakepart-timejobs,whichwillbenefitstudentsandtheirfamily,eventhesocietyasawhole.
82.Althoughpeople’sliveshavebeendramaticallychangedoverthelastdecades,itmustbeadmittedthat,shortageoffundsisstilloneofthebiggestquestionsthatstudentsnowadayshavetofacebecausethetuitionfeesandpricesofbooksaresoaring.
长句练习
1.Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps;forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasmen;andoneshouldalwaysliveinthebestcompany,whetheritbeofbooksorofmen.
2.Aconflictbetweenthegenerations-betweenyouthandage-seemsthemoststupidofallconflicts,foritisonebetweenoneselfasoneisandoneselfasonewillbe,orbetweenoneselfasonewasandoneselfasoneis.
3.Itisveryeasytobringsomebooksfromthebookstoresandlibraries,buttolearntheknowledgeinthebooksandputtheknowledgeintopracticeisbynomeansaneasyjob.
4.Newsourcesofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwillrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthepasttime.
5.Fromthepassagewelearnthataninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialpractice.
6.Youngscientistscannotrealizetoosoonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.
7.Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersanendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.
8.“Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus-thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion-thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain-thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedomandthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.”(AbrahamLincoln:
theGettysburgAddress)
吾等在此责无旁贷献身于眼前之伟大使命:
自光荣的亡者之处吾人肩起其终极之奉献—吾等在此答应亡者之死当非徒然—此国度,于神佑之下,当享有自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零。
9.AGreektoRemember
一位值得纪念的希腊人
DiogeneswasafamousGreekphilosopherofthefourthcenturyB.C.,whoestablishedthephilosophyofcynicism(犬儒主义,又叫愤世嫉俗主义).Heoftenwalkedaboutinthedaytimeholdingalightedlantern(灯),peeringaroundasifhewerelookingforsomething.Whenquestionedabouthisoddbehavior,hewouldreply,"Iamsearchingforanhonestman."
Oneday,AlexandertheGreat,conqueror(征服者)ofhalfthecivilizedworld,sawDiogenessittinginthistub(坛子)inthesunshine.Sotheking,surroundedbyhiscountries,approachedDiogenesandsaid,"IamAlexandertheGreat."Thephilosopherrepliedrathercontemptuously(不屑的),"IamDiogenes,theCynic."Alexanderthenaskedhimifhecouldhelphiminanyway.""Yes,"shotbackDiogenes,"don'tstandbetweenmeandthesun."AsurprisedAlexanderthenrepliedquickly,"IfIwerenotAlexander,IwouldbeDiogenes."
汉译英
真题示例
2011SectionB(2×5)
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteontheANSWERSHEET.
83.我把我的意见已经告诉你了,至于你是否这样做,那就看你了。
84.正因为她没有经验,所以她不知道如何应付这种局面。
85.我们没有想到他们会来,我们以为他们还在加拿大呢。
86.我宁愿网上购物而不愿在百货商店购物,因为网上购物更加方便省时。
87.这本书是由一位科学家写的,我们从中得到了许多信息。
SectionB
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouransweronthe
ANWSERSHEET.
96.重要的是你做了什么而不是说了什么。
97.农民宁肯扔掉这些蔬菜,也不愿以半价出售。
98.鉴于你的身体状况不太好,最好还是把烟戒了吧。
99.尽管已经10年没有见面了,汤姆还是一眼就认出了她。
100.他在学习上的进步很大程度上是由于学习方法的改进。
汉译英练习
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
1.当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。
(choice)
Atthattimethetaxidriverhadnochoice
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