雅思阅读考题回顾.docx
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雅思阅读考题回顾.docx
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雅思阅读考题回顾
2012年8月11日雅思阅读考题回顾
来源:
朗阁培训中心 编辑:
xm 发布日期:
2012-08-20
摘要:
厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了8月11日雅思阅读真题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期:
2012年8月11日
ReadingPassage1
Title:
ElNiñoPhenomenon厄尔尼诺
Questiontypes:
TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN
Summary填空
文章内容回顾
关于厄尔尼诺现象的介绍以及它产生的影响
英文原文阅读
ThetermElNiño—Spanishfor"theChristChild"—wasoriginallyusedbyfishermentorefertothePacificOceanwarmcurrentsnearthecoastsofPeruandEcuadorthatappearedperiodicallyaroundChristmastimeandlastedforafewmonths.Duetothosecurrents,fishweremuchlessabundantthanusual.Atthepresenttimeweusethesamenameforthelarge-scalewarmingofsurfacewatersofthePacificOceanevery3-6years,whichusuallylastsfor9-12months,butmaycontinueforupto18months,anddramaticallyaffectstheweatherworldwide.
ElNiñoeventshappenirregularly.Theirstrengthisestimatedinsurfaceatmosphericpressureanomaliesandanomaliesoflandandseasurfacetemperatures.
TheElNiñophenomenondramaticallyaffectstheweatherinmanypartsoftheworld.Itisthereforeimportanttopredictitsappearance.Variousclimatemodels,seasonalforecastingmodels,ocean-atmospherecoupledmodels,andstatisticalmodelsattempttopredictElNiñoasapartofinterannualclimatevariability.PredictingElNiñohasbeenpossibleonlysincethe1980s,whenthepowerofcomputersbecamesufficienttocoververycomplicatedlarge-scaleocean-atmosphereinteractions.
ElNiño'sImpact
ThestrongestElNiñoeventsofthe20thcenturyoccurredin1982-'83andin1997-'98.Theeffectsof1982-'83includedsignificantstormsthroughoutthesouthwestUnitedStatesandoneofAustralia'sworstdroughtsofthecentury.
AccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,the1997-'98ElNiñowasamajorfactorin1997srecordhightemperatures.Theestimatedaveragesurfacetemperatureforlandandseaworldwidewas0.8°Fhigherthanthe1961-1990averageof61.7°F.AccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),1998hassetall-timehighsofgloballandandoceansurfacetemperatures,aboverecordhighlevelsin1997.In1998themeantemperaturewas1.2°F(0.7°C)abovethelong-term(since1880)meanof56.9°F(13.8°C).
Theimpactofthe1997/8ElNiñohasbeenfeltinmanypartsoftheworld:
DroughtshaveoccurredintheWesternPacificIslandsandIndonesiaaswellasinMexicoandCentralAmerica.InIndonesiadroughtcauseduncontrollableforestfiresandfloods,whilewarmweatherledtoabadfisheriesseasoninPeru,andextremerainfallandmudslidesinsouthernCalifornia.CoralsinthePacificOceanwerebleachedbywarmerthanaveragewater,andshippingthroughthePanamaCanalwasrestrictedbybelow-averagerainfall.
ElNiñophenomenadramaticallyaffecttheweatherthroughouttheworld.Amongotherweatheranomalies,ElNiñoeventsareresponsiblefor:
AshiftofthunderstormactivityeastwardfromIndonesiatothesouthPacific,whichleadstoabnormallydryconditionsandseveredroughtsduringbothwarmandcoldseasonsinAustralia,thePhilippines,Indonesia,southeasternAfricaandBrazil.
DuringthesummerseasontheIndianmonsoonislessintensivethannormalandthereforeitismuchlessrainythanusualinIndia.
MuchwetterconditionsatthewestcoastoftropicalSouthAmerica.
ElNiñoimpactsontheUnitedStates,NorthAmericaandtheAtlanticregionsinclude:
WetterthanthenormalconditionsintropicallatitudesofNorthAmerica,fromTexastoFlorida,includingmoreintensivewintertimestorms.
ExtremerainfallandfloodingeventsinCalifornia,OregonandWashington.
MuchmilderwintersandlateautumnsinnorthwesternCanadaandAlaskaduetopumpingofabnormallywarmairbymid-latitudelowpressuresystems.
Belownormalhurricane/tropicalcycloneactivityintheAtlantic(however,theirstrengthisnotlimitedbyElNiño).
DrierthannormalNorthAmericanmonsoons,especiallyforMexico,ArizonaandNewMexico.
DrierthannormalautumnsandwintersintheU.S.PacificNorthwest.
Summary
ElNiñoisawarmphaseoftheinterannualclimateoscillationcalledElNiñoSouthernOscillation(ENSO)event,anexampleoflarge-scaleocean-atmosphereinteraction,andischaracterizedbylarge-scalewarmingofthesurfacetropicalPacificOcean.ElNiñoeventsoccurevery3-6years,last9-12months,sometimesevenupto18months,andhaveabigimpactonworldweather.
ThemajorimpactsofElNiñoaretemperatureanomalies,changesinprecipitationvariability,floodsanddroughtsthroughouttheworld.
ElNiñoeventshappenirregularlyandarehardtopredict.HowevermanynumericalclimatemodelspredictedthelastfewElNiñoeventssuccessfully.ElNiñoforecastingisbecomingmoreandmorereliablewithourimprovingknowledgeofthephenomenon'snature,withthehelpofmoreandmorepowerfulcomputers,andwiththeoperationalElNiñoSouthernOscillationobservationsystem.
ElNiñoforecastingisespeciallyimportantfortropicalcountrieswhereElNiñoimpactsarethestrongest.
题型难度分析
据考生回忆,第一篇较简单。
一种是填空类的题型,另一种是考生易拿分的经典题型判断题。
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题是雅思考试阅读的经典题型,虽然今年的题量相对减少,但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。
首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN
解题步骤:
1.速读问题的句子,找出考点词(容易有问题的部分)。
考点词:
比较级,最高级,数据(时间),程度副词,特殊形容词,绝对化的词(only,most,each,any,every,thesameas等)。
2.排除考点词,在余下的词中找定位词,去原文定位。
3.重点考察考点词是否有提及,是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换,至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反,不可共存,通常有至少一组反义词。
NOTGIVEN原文未提及,不做任何推断,尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
Summary题,有顺序原则。
先关注instruction字数限制
其次,定位summary在原文的始末位置,summary开头和结尾分别找keywords定位到原文。
根据空格前后信息,预测空格上的单词(单复数,可数与否,词性,-ing,-ed,固定搭配等)
在空格附近找定位词(专有名词,数字,句子主语,表示方位的介词,表时间的词,不认识的可数名词)
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑4Test1Passage1
剑5Test3Passage1
ReadingPassage2
Title:
汽车的发展史
Questiontypes:
Matching,不同车型的信息
简答题(6-7个)
文章内容回顾
这篇是讲汽车的发展历史,介绍了不同的车型。
英文原文阅读
HISTORYOFCARS
TheHistoryoftheCarhasbeenalongandchallengingone.In1678asmallsteamcarwasshownoffthathadbeenmadefortheChineseemperor.Itwasthefoundingoftheearlyhistoryofthecar.By1769,NicholasCugnotwasdemonstratinganAutomobileinFrance.By1801,RichardTrevithickwasdemonstratingasteam-carriageinBritain.TheCarcontinueditsdevelopmentinBritainuntilalawgoverningtheuseofcarsbasicallystoppeddevelopmentfortherestofthatcenturyinBritain.
In1789,OliverEvanswasgrantedthefirstautomobilepatentintheUnitedStates.
ThefirstautomobilesthathadgasolinepoweredinternalcombustionenginesweredevelopedinGermanybyseveraldifferentinventorsaroundthesametimeabout1885.By1895,thediscbrakewaspatentedbyFrederickWilliamLanchesterofBritain.In1889,PanhardetLevassorinFrancebecamethefirstcompanytoformtobuildjustautomobiles.Steam,electricity,andgasoline-poweredautoscompetedforthemarketshare.Thecarwasbecomingbigbusinessinhistory.
From1908to1927,theFordModelTbecamethemostwidelyproducedcarofitstime.ThevintageeraofCarHistorylastedfrom1919to1929andwasdominatedbyfrontenginecars.Thepre-wareraofcarhistorylastedfrom1930to1948.ThisearwasperhapsdominatedbytheVolkswagenBeetle.
ThePost-WareraofCarHistorywasthegreatestperiodofCarDevelopment.
AlthoughNicolas-JosephCugnotisoftencreditedwithbuildingthefirstself-propelledmechanicalvehicleorautomobileinabout1769,thisclaimisdisputedbysome,whodoubtCugnot'sthree-wheelereverran,whileothersclaimFerdinandVerbiest,amemberofaJesuitmissioninChina,builtthefirststeampoweredcararound1672.IneithercaseFranisIsaacdeRivaz,aSwissinventor,designedthefirstinternalcombustionenginewhichwasfuelledbyamixtureofhydrogenandoxygenandusedittodeveloptheworld'sfirstvehicletorunonsuchanengine.Thedesignwasnotverysuccessful,aswasthecasewithSamuelBrown,SamuelMorey,andEtienneLenoirwhoeachproducedvehiclespoweredbyclumsyinternalcombustionengines.InNovember1881FrenchinventorGustaveTrouvdemonstratedaworkingthree-wheeledautomobile.ThiswasattheInternationalExhibitionofElectricityinParis.AnautomobilepoweredbyanOttogasolineenginewasbuiltinMannheim,GermanybyKarlBenzin1885andgrantedapatentinJanuaryofthefollowingyearundertheauspicesofhismajorcompany,Benz&Cie.whichwasfoundedin1883.AlthoughseveralotherGermanengineers(includingGottliebDaimler,WilhelmMaybach,andSiegfriedMarcus)wereworkingontheproblemataboutthesametime,KarlBenzisgenerallyacknowledgedastheinventorofthemodernautomobile.In1879Benzwasgrantedapatentforhisfirstengine,designedin1878.Manyofhisotherinventionsmadetheuseoftheinternalcombustionenginefeasibleforpoweringavehicleandin1896,Benzdesignedandpatentedthefirstinternalcombustionflatengine.Approximately25Benzvehicleswerebuiltandsoldbefore1893,whenhisfirstfour-wheelerwasintroduced.Theywerepoweredwithfour-strokeenginesofhisowndesign.EmileRogerofFrance,alreadyproducingBenzenginesunderlicense,nowaddedtheBenzautomobiletohislineofproducts.BecauseFrancewasmoreopentotheearlyautomobiles,morewerebuiltandsoldinFrancethroughRogerthanBenzsoldinGermany.DaimlerandMaybachfoundedDaimlerMotorenGesellschaft(DaimlerMotorCompany,DMG)inCannstattin1890andunderthebrandname,Daimler,soldtheirfirstautomobilein1892.By1895about30vehicleshadbeenbuiltbyDaimlerandMaybach,eitherattheDaimlerworksorintheHotelHermann,wheretheysetupshopafterfallingoutwiththeirbackers.BenzandDaimlerseemtohavebeenunawareofeachother'searlyworkandworkedindependently.Daimlerdiedin1900andlaterthatyear,Mayb
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