虚拟语气讲解及练习有答案.docx
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虚拟语气讲解及练习有答案.docx
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虚拟语气讲解及练习有答案
虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点:
从句(条件)
主句(目的)
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were)
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.
主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词原型
表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.
主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+have+动词的过去分词
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形
3、If+主语+should+动词原形
IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.
主语+would(couldshouldmight)+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,butfor)上下文或其他方式来表示。
1.条件暗含在短语中;
2.条件暗含在上下文中;
3.虚拟式变为习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去,而将had,should,were等助动词提到主语之前。
例:
原句:
1:
Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.
去if:
Weresheyounger,she,woulddoit.
2:
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
去if:
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
3:
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
去if:
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。
(be→were)
Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.
2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。
Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.
表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+动词原形
Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame.
注意:
1.在asif/asthough句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。
例:
Helooksasifhegoingtobeill.
2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest,forfearthat,sothat及inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防,以免”等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.
由“providing(that)/provided(that)/onconditionthat/suppose(that)/supposing(that)”引导的条件从句
根据情况,1.可以用虚拟语气。
例:
suppose/supposingthatitrained,weshouldn’tgoout.
2.也可以用陈述语气。
例:
Theyarewillingtosurrenderprovidedtheyaregivenfreepardon..
“Incase”引导的从句中即可用陈述句,也可以用虚拟语气
(should)+动词原型
例:
1.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow.
2.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一:
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟:
从句谓语动词用过去式。
(be→were)
Iwish(that)Iwereabird.
对过去情况的虚拟:
从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.
对将来情况的虚拟:
从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.
在表示建议,命令,要求,忠告,等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气,“should”常被省略。
Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.
常用的此类动词有:
表示“提议,劝告,建议”的:
propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”的:
ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意,坚持”的:
insist
表示“决定,命令”的:
decide,order
注意:
suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示,表明,坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示)thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.
在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
经常用“should+动词原型(或完成形式),表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等情绪。
Icannotbelievethatyoushouldthinkso.
Wouldrather,hadrather,后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。
表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.
注意:
1.若某人愿自己做某事,wouldrather后用动词原型
2.wouldrather…..than……中用动词原型
Iwouldratherdoitbymyself.
I would rather watchTVathome than gotothecinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that….”结构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’squitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.
常用的形容词:
natural,appropriate,advisable,necessary,important,urgent,probable,possible,desirable,strange。
注意:
在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例:
Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).
在“Itis(was)+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。
It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.
这类名词有:
advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,order,pity,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。
表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议,请求,命令等主观意向的名词做主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型
Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.
这类名词常见的有:
demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea。
在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型(should)不可省
Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.
注意:
在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.
Ifonly引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气
Ifonly引出感叹句,意思是“要是…..多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望。
表示现在的情况,应用过去式;
表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
表示将来的情况,用would+动词原形
例:
Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast!
(现在)
LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
ifonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice(过去)
Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)
evenif(eventhough)引导的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
表示一种让步语气,即使...也做不成某事。
表示现在的情况,应用过去式
表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.
专项练习
(一)
()1.Shemadethedemandthatsherightaway.
A.setoffB.setsoff
C.gotoffD.wouldgetoff
()2.Ourteacher'sstrict.HerequestedthatweTVonweeknights.
A.notwatchB.mustnotwatch
C.notbewatchingD.haven'twatched
()3.WithouttheChineseCommunistParty,thereanewChina.
A.isnotB.willnotbe
C.wouldnothavebeenD.wouldn'thave
()4.Theytalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.
A.areB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
()5.Itisstrangethathesuchamistakeagain.
A.makesB.made
C.hasmadeD.shouldhavemade
()6.Iftheworkershadn'thelped,theexperiment.
A.wouldhavefailedB.hadfailed
C.failD.havefailed
()7.Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,butbetterifyou
hadspentlesstimeinplayingbasketball?
A.wouldn'ttheyhavebeenB.wouldn'ttheybe
C.won'ttheybeD.won'ttheyhavebeen
()8.Ifheharder,hetomorrow'sexam.
A.hadstudied;wouldhavepassedB.studied;willpass
C.hadstudied;wouldpassD.studied;wouldhavepassed
()9.Iingoodhealth,Iwithyou.
A.Am;willgoB.Were;wouldgo
C.Was;shallgoD.Were;weregoing
()10.Mysuggestionthatthey_______aplanfirsthasbeenaccepted.
A.havemadeB.wouldmakeC.shouldmakeD.made
()11.Thebusdriverinsistedthatheatnormalspeedandtherefore
forthechild'sdeath.
A.drive;notanswer
B.wasdriving;shouldn'tanswer
C.shoulddrive;shouldn'thaveanswered
D.drove;shouldn'tanswer
()12.Theytohelpbutcouldn'tgethereintime.
A.wantB.wantedC.hadwantedD.havewanted
()13.Butforairandwater,nothing.
A.couldliveB.canlive
C.couldn'tliveD.willbeabletolive
()14.Heinsistedthattheyallinhisofficeatthattime.
A.shallbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.be
()15.forthedoctor'scarefultreatment,hetilllastyear.
A.Ifitnot;can'tlive
B.Wereitnot;couldn'tlive
C.Haditnotbeen;couldn'thavelived
D.Iftheywerenot;couldn'tlive
()16.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittothememorial.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
()17.Theresultofexaminationsuggestedthatheill,andIsuggestedthathe
aX-ray.
A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have
C.shouldbe;hadD.was;was
()18.Weinsistedthatheseriouslyillandthatadoctorforat
once.
A.shouldbe;shouldbesentB.was;besent
C.were;shouldbesentD.was;mustbesent
()19.Itishightimethatallofyou.
A.leaveB.willleaveC.mustbeoffD.left
()20.Iwouldratheryouathomethesedays.
A.stayB.stayedC.shouldstayD.hadstayed
()21.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIforher.
A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitout
C.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout
()22.IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.
A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented
B.hadbeen;wouldprevent
C.were;wouldprevent
D.were;wouldhaveprevented
()23.Withoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbe
C.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
()24.—Ifhe_,hethatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarned;wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
()25.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.
A.breaksB.hasbroken
C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
Keys:
1.AACDD6.AACBC11.DCADC16.BBBDB21.CADBC
专项练习
(二)
()1.—Wereyouintimeforthemeeting?
—IfItoldearlier,Iwouldhave.
A.weretobeB.wasC.hadbeenD.shouldbe
()2.Butforhishelp,yousogoodachance.
A.couldn'thavegotB.couldn'tget
C.can'tgetD.can'thave
()3.—Don'tyouwanttogotothepartywithuse?
—IwishI,butIhaveanappointment.
A.mayB.couldC.canD.should
()4.It'suselessenvyingotherstheirsuccess.It'stimeyouhard.
A.worked
B.weretowork
C.workD.mustwork
()5.Thoughtherewasnooneinthehall,hestoodonthestageasifhe___watchedandexpectedtodeliveraspeech.
A.hasbeenB.werebeing
C.hadbeenD.isbeing
()6.—Showmeyourpermit,please.
—Oh,it'snotinmypocket.Itoutofmypocket.
A.mightfallB.couldfall
C.musthavefallenD.shouldhavefallen
()7.—Youjustthinkofyourself!
Youkeptmewaitingfor2hours.
—I'msorrythatyouthinkso.
A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.can
()8.—Ireturnthecarwithinthreedays?
—No,you.Youkeepitfortendays.
A.May;needn't;canB.Can;mustn'twould
C.
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